The Effect of Oslo Accord on Palestinian Unity and its Reflections on the Political Development PDF |
| Hanan Thaher Mahmmoed Arafat |
| Supervisor(s) |
| Prof. Abdul Sattar Kassem - |
| Discussion Commity |
| 208 صفحة |
| Abstract : |
The current study aimed at recognizing the effect of Oslo agreement on Palestinian national unity and political development in the area. The study shed the light on Oslo and other agreements that followed with respect to the extent of consistency with the Palestinian national charter and the Palestinian National Council decisions in order to allow judgment on the policies that agree with or contradict the charter or the council decisions. The study also discussed the commitments of the Palestinian authority according to the agreement and the extent of its reinforcement and fulfillment of Palestinian unity in accordance to the indicated definition presented in the introduction of the thesis. The definition merges the theoretical dimension with the practical reality formulated by the various Palestinian resistance factions. The study showed the extent of remoteness between commitments and Palestinian general thoughts of an independent state For example, the charter prohibited both recognition and negotiations with Israel and also rejected all United Nations resolutions in this respect; meanwhile, it imposed restrictions on resistance movements and struggle against the Israelis in accordance with Oslo agreement. The study also discussed the response of the various Palestinian factions towards the adopted policies of the Palestinian authority. The study showed that the majority of the resistance factions, which rejected the Oslo agreement and considered it as a treason to the Palestinian people, worked and collaborated with the authority and joined the various administrative sectors. These factions failed to offer any alternatives to the agreement and also failed in unifying their efforts. An important finding of the study that all what Oslo offered was a Palestinian authority that practiced corruption in all aspects of life and managed to dismantle the Palestinian community through its policies and practices. Disappointment and hatred towards the authority became evident features, and the absence of security became a disturbing state for the citizens. Such situation generated a hostile environment and made it difficult for the various resistance factions to form any political unity in the Palestine. In conclusion, the study showed that the various factions constituted an obstacle for any possible Palestinian political unity through its practices and its role was a disease that affected and dismantled the Palestinian social fabric. With respect to the authority, it managed to exclude others and stayed as the only decision maker, although it's politically announced commitment to the political unity, its practices on reality is far away from what one can see, and far away from the principles and commitments towards unity. The best solution is to create new political leaders whose interest agrees with the general interest of the people and aim at the establishment of an independent state. This might be possible through getting red of the previous agreement with the Israelis and the search for more realistic approaches that suit the capabilities of the country. It is also important to note that the possibility of political reunification was evident during the early stages of confrontations with the Israelis during Al-Aqsa Intefada, however, such hopes disappeared with the restrictions imposed on the confrontation and people lost faith in both the leadership and the resistance factions who have been seeking to achieve all what is in their interests. |
Thursday, January 28, 2010
The Effect of Oslo Accord on Palestinian Unity and its Reflections on the Political Development
Dialogue in the Holy Qur'an
Dialogue in the Holy Qur'an PDF |
| Ma'en Mahmoud Othman Damrah |
| Supervisor(s) |
| Dr Mohammed Hafiz Al- Shraydeh - |
| Discussion Commity |
| 246 صفحة |
| Abstract : |
Abstract My research consists of an introduction and four chapters. In the introduction, I clarified the concept of "dialogue" linguistically and conventionally I also explained the most important differences between the dialogue and argument. In the first chapter, I introduced patterns of the dialogue in the Holy Qur’an through dialogue among messengers – peace be upon them –with their people. Besides to that, I explored the dialogue between Moses – peace be upon him – and the good man, Al Khader, in addition to the dialogue among the disciples and the masters who misled them on the day of resurrection. Finally, I came up with the most important lesson or advice from the dialogue in these examples. In the second chapter, I discussed the principles of the dialogue and persuasion, beginning with the mutual respect among the talkers, then searching for the truth, and I ended this chapter by "kindness, flexibility, and gentleness" . In the third chapter, I dealt with the rules of the dialogue and debate which include: active listening, the personality of the talker, the strategy of ending the dialogue. Finally, I came up with several useful tips for a successful dialogue. In the fourth chapter, I dealt with the dialogue of cultures with the respect of "Holy Qur’an", and I explained its rules and objectives. I came up with rules and morals which must be taken into consideration so as to make the dialogue constructive and successful. I also recommended all preachers and talkers to be committed to these rules and moral. |
Change of Money Value and its Effect on Debt Infracting
Change of Money Value and its Effect on Debt Infracting PDF |
| Saleh Reda Hasan Abu Farha |
| Supervisor(s) |
| Dr. Jamal Ahmad Zaid AI-Kilani - |
| Discussion Commity |
| 129 صفحة |
| Abstract : |
Abstract Many thanks and all gratitude to our God, meeting his generous giving, and pushing his anger away from us, We ask our God to bless our life and our religion and to give us more knowledge and king life. Money plays a very important role in the life of human communities and individuals, and it also has a major role in the economical system. And the problems that affect the states' economics, which have a big influence on their stability and affairs, and consequently influence the status of the community individuals in their dealings. One of the most important economical problems today, the problem of the decrease in the money purchasing power, which is called inflation, where money becomes cheep and goods become expensive, so the state commitments are affected internally and externally, which lead to many problems. The issue of the change of money value was discussed by the old mullahs according to the existing status at that time, that change was simple, it wasn't forming a big danger on the economical system in that period because they were depending in the first place on the gold and silver metals which are usually stable. But today, the issue of the change of money value forms a very big danger on the economics because money is not stable but it changes constantly, this makes the problem of the change of the money value very difficult, because the value is not stable. In my research I talked in the first chapter about the definition, the importance, kinds, and functions of money. In the second chapter I talked about the change of money value and its events, the reasons of deterioration of money value in the current age, and the state role in money stability. In the third chapter I talked about the definition of debt, the change of money value and its effect on debt infraction, and the change (gold & silver) value. In the forth chapter I talked about the change of money value and its effect on debt infraction, the mullahs sayings in this field, and showing the best view. In the conclusion I put the results of my research. I ask my great God to make me act right, he will ear and reply. |
The Authority of the Ruler in Dropping and Reducing Punishments
The Authority of the Ruler in Dropping and Reducing Punishments PDF |
| Nidal Mustafa Hasan Al-Asmar |
| Supervisor(s) |
| Dr. Abd El-Men'em Jaber Abo-Qahooq - |
| Discussion Commity |
| 260 صفحة |
| Abstract : |
The Authority of the Ruler in Dropping and Reducing Punishments Prepared by Nidal Mustafa Hasan Al-Asmar Supervised by Dr. Abd El-Men'em Jaber Abo-Qahooq Abstract This study examines the authority of the ruler "Imam" to drop, reduce or stop the punishments. The "Imam" is the only one who has the responsibility to practice these punishments. I reached a conclusion that there are some punishments that the ruler cannot drop, such as the punishments of the crimes that finished their conditions, basic elements and reached the hand of the ruler. I found out that the punishments could be reduced by decreasing the penalty, or exchanged with another one. Furthermore this study dealt with the honor crimes, and the degree of there legitimacy in Islam. I reached the fact that the one who kills on this ground will take the punishment unless he/she brings evidence that killing happened based on the above ground. I tackled the concept of emergent conditions, types, and their effect on dropping the punishment. I reached that the Imam can take emergent conditions to drop punishment in limited range in crimes of penalties, punishments. I reached a conclusion that the ruler has a wide responsibility to use the emergent conditions in the crimes that the ruler has the only power on. In addition, I reached the fact that the ruler has the power to stop the application of the general punishment in the state because of the general forceful conditions, as the commander of faithful Omar Ibn Al-Khattab when he stopped the application of stealing punishment during the year of famine. This stopping is limited, and it works as long as these conditions available.
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Zionist Settlement in Hebron AreaFrom 1967-2000
Zionist Settlement in Hebron AreaFrom 1967-2000 PDF |
| Salah Hasan Mahmod Abo Alrob |
| Supervisor(s) |
| Prof. Dr. Nezam Izat Al-Abbasi - |
| Discussion Commity |
| 189 صفحة |
| Abstract : |
This study discusses the Zionist settlement of the Hebron area from 1967 to2000. The Hebron area has: been at the centre of the interest of the Zionist Movement since it was established. It has considered the city of Hebron to be that of their ancestors: and that which must be captured and settled by the Jews. The first group of Jews which arrived at Hebron from Spain was well – treated by the Arab resident there. This treatment continued until the clashes of Al. Burag broke out in 1929. Dozens of Jews were killed in these clashes because they took part in them. A small number of these group continued to live in Hebron until 1936 when they were evacuated by the British forces. The study consists of five chapters: Chapter One talks about the Hebron area in terms of its geographical location، climate، landscape landscape and the economical، social and political circumstance until the year of2000. Chapter two talks about settlement from the Zionists point of view through handling a few Jewish societies which made an important contribution to the spread of settlement in Palestine. It also investigates the project put for ward by the leaders of the Israeli governments- in order to control the Hebron area and other terretoriesof the West Bank. An investigation of the Israeli causes behind settling in the Hebron area. Chapter three talks about the Jewish settlement in Hebron before 1967. It also studies the means implemented by the Israeli occupation to seize the Palestinian land in the Hebron area. The Zionist movement considers Hebron to be the second holiest city along with Jerusalem. Though repressive activities, the Jewish settlers forced the Arab residents of Hebron to leave their houses in the old parts of the town. Conseguenty, the settlers took over the control of these houses and so small Jewish points were formed. Besides، the leaders of the city so that they would set up, a Jewish Hebron, through making a geographical connection among these small settlements, so that they could finally make up a huge settlement inside the city. In the fourth chapter I discussed the settlements which were built up from 1967 until 2000 in terms of site، population، the size of the areas which were seized to build them up and the stages of construction through which these settlement passed. In chapter five I handled the Palestinian resistance against settlement in Hebron. Since 1967 this resistance of all its forms, civil and arme, has become stronger، and so formed an obstacle in front of settlement in Hebron and limited its spread in the city. The settlements of Hebron have terribly affected and badly damaged the Palestinian environment as well aspects of the Arab residents in Hebron. These settlements have caused serious harm to the national economy and drawn up a gloomy political future for the area. More over، we should not over look the settlers offensive attitudes to wards the Palestinians in Hebron as they are well – known for their hatred to wards the Arabs. |
King in Poetry Ignorant
King in Poetry Ignorant PDF |
| Mohayya Abd-Raheem Khader Nassef |
| Supervisor(s) |
| Dr. Ihsan Addik - |
| Discussion Commity |
| 153 صفحة |
| Abstract : |
Abstract The current research focused on Aljahleon poems and kings "King in Poetry Ignorant". The study included an introduction and three chapters. The introduction presents the reasons behind the selection of this topic and the main literature recourse used. The first chapter included an introduction that discusses the definitions and linguistic meanings of the word king in ancient languages in addition to two main streams, the first discuses king in human heritage. I found that kings were looked at and considered as holly as God. This gave them the power to role nation's heritage. In the second stream "Kings in Aljahleon heritage" I did not find that Aljahleon were different in their point view from other nations towards the kings and concluded that humans in general are in need to the power that control the universe, a power that they respect and obey and kings were that power that provide them with security. The second chapter handled kings in poetry ignorant and I found that poets included kings in their poems, but kings were a part of the poem and were mentioned in contemporary, praise and defamation and other social aspects of life representing a honest view of Aljahleon life. The third chapter represents the king's images in the poetry ignorant and found three dimensions for this image a religious dimension in which king was thought of as God and in other cases considered as the sun, moon and others. The second image was a psychological dimension of the poets through their views of the good and evil of kings. The third dimension was the social aspect and in this respect, the king has two images; the first considered the king as a symbol of power and oppression and high ranking and the second as a symbol of giving, good, forgiving and welfare and both of these images reflected in an honest way the life of Aljahleon. In conclusion, I summarized the result of the study and ended with a list of used references. Judgments and the lexical meanings. his defines the original poetry and poem which appeared in an attracting way by the end of the third Hijri century and was at the top interest of the language sciences. The current study focused on collecting as much as possible of the poem of this period and I followed during this study two styles: a historical through citation of this phenomenon and the central subjects concerning linguistic, grammatical and scientific; and an analytic descriptive method that was used in the analysis of few poems with respect to its styles, roles and judgments. In addition to that, analysis included the lexical meanings especially those contradict the linguistic features. The study was divided into six chapters and ended with a conclusion included the results of the study. The first chapter discussed the phenomenon of the of the poem of "Al-mtoon", its origin, extensions, and the most important figures of that poem. The second chapter discussed meanings and words, common moral and the verbal ones, and those that share the same common verbal sense and differ in meanings including the opposites. The third chapter included the begging's of the riddles and their types including the linguistic and grammatical in addition to those poets who wrote riddles. The forth chapter was allocated to the grammatical systems and analyzed what is contradictory with the language rules. The fifth chapter was dedicated to poems related to the religion sciences, which is usually written by scholars and includes jurisprudence judgments on the basis of one of the doctrines. Chapters six was a collection of various related topics in order complete and tackle the various aspects of the poem of "Al-mtoon" and included poems of eloquence, medicine and history.
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Ali al khalili
Ali al khalili PDF |
| Abdul Rahman Ali Abdul Rahman J'eed |
| Supervisor(s) |
| Prof. Adel Abu Amshah - |
| Discussion Commity |
| 235 صفحة |
| Abstract : |
Abstract This study comes in an introduction, preface, four chapters and a conclusion as following. I summarized in the preface the biography of the author, and briefed his various literary works in Palestinian folklore, criticism, and journalism. Ali Al Khalil efforts were pointed toward presenting the Palestinian literature and its ability to participate in the Palestinian national movement, despite the occupation, and other hardships facing the Palestinian nation. In chapter one I have discussed the poetical works of Ali al Khalili; we can notice that the Palestinian struggle was visible in his poems. We can also notice his call for the resistance and his efforts to track the image of the martyr are all significant in most of his poetical works. Ali al Khalili as a poet draws his images from the rich heritage so he can build a contemporary picture. Moreover, al Khalili employed a language that is suitable for every stage, he used synonyms, repetition. The effort was focused in chapter two on the essay writing, and to compare his works with other journalists of the time in Palestine. Al Khalili managed to combine both, literary writing and journalist; his skills were obvious in his ability to distinguish between a news article and a literary article, and for him each type has its awn feature. Novel and Ali Al Khalili were the center of chapter three. Three novels of al Khalili that took their place in the Palestinian novel and painted the reality of the occupied land. In these novels I tried to analyze the novels from its language, structure, time, and characters. Biography of Ali Al Khalili was the subject of chapter four; I have tried to shed some light on the impact of the first place (Bit an nar) in his life, his first poem and the impact that formed the seeds of his poetical work especially after the Nakbah of 1948. Finally, the study ends with a conclusion that summarizes the main result of the study??? Al Khalili literary works was not only limited on the resistance of occupation, but also took the social and intellectual aspects of life. Despite all of Al Khalili works, they did not take their sufficient study from critics and scholars. On this regard , one of the objectives of the study is to draw more attention to al Khalili literary achievements, that is his efforts were focused on the issue of the Palestinian human being through the various stages that is full of sacrifice despite the hardship pf his life although he continued the creativity marc and supplied the Palestinian literature of more than one literary genre and this by it self is an indicator of his large energy that made him take an important role in the Palestinian literary movement. |